pengertian noun clause

 

A.  Pengertian

Noun clause adalah klausa (gabungan dua kata atau lebih yang terdiri dari Subject dan Verb namun belum membentuk kalimat yang sempurna) yang berfungsi sebagai noun (kata benda) sehingga dapat berfungsi baik sebagai subjek maupun objek kalimat.

B.  Rumus Noun Clause

Noun clause dapat diawali oleh noun clause markers berupa question word, if atau whether, dan that. Adapun contoh noun clause pada clause lain beserta detail marker-nya dapat dilihat pada tabel sebagai berikut.

Marker	Detail	Contoh Kalimat  Noun Clause
Question Word	Question word: what(ever), what (time, kind, day, etc), who(ever), whose, whom(ever), which(ever), where(ever), when(ever), how (long, far, many times, old, etc)	The class listened to what the teacher said. (Seluruh kelas mendengarkan apa yang guru katakan.)
		The kitten followed wherever the woman went. (Anak kucing mengikuti kemanapun wanita itu pergi.)
		Many people imagine how many time the man was failed before success. (Banyak orang membayangkan berapa kali pria itu gagal sebelum sukses.)
if atau whether	biasanya digunakan untuk kalimat jawaban dari pertanyaan yes-no question atau bentuk reported speech dari pertanyaan tersebut	Where does Andy live? (Dimana Andy tinggal?) I wonder if he lives in West Jakarta. (Saya pikir dia tinggal di Jakarta Barat.)
		Is Andy live on Dewi Sartika Street? (Apakah Andy tinggal di jalan Dewi Sartika?) I don’t know if he live on Dewi Sartika Street or not. atau I don’t know whether or not he lives on Dewi Sartika street. (Saya tidak tahu jika dia tinggal di jalan Sartika atau tidak.)
		She wanted to know if he lived on Dewi Sartika street. [indirect speech dari yes-no question]
that	biasanya that-clause untuk mental activity. Berikut daftar verb pada main clause yang biasanya diikuti that-clause:assume, believe, discover, dream, guess, hear, hope, know, learn, notice, predict, prove, realize, suppose, suspect, think	I think that the group will arrive in an hour. (Saya pikir rombongan itu akan tiba dalam satu jam.)
		Many people proved that the man was a big liar. (Banyak orang membuktikan bahwa pria itu pembohong besar.)

Rumus-rumus menurut referensi lain

a.  Noun Clauses diawali dengan Question words

1. Single question words.

1. Where she is now is still unknown.
2. When they arrive is still uncertain.
3. I know what you did last summer and I still know what you did last summer are two Hollywood movies starred by Jennifer Love Hewitt.

Perhatikan: dalam kalimat ini, noun clause what you did last summer menjadi object dari I know dan I still know, dan setelah digabung dengan: are two Hollywood movies starred by Jennifer Love Hewitt, menjadi subject majemuk dari kalimat.

Noun clause dapat ditempatkan diawal kalimat (sebagai subject) atau sebagai object. Jika anda ingin merubah posisi noun clause dari subject kalimat menjadi object kalimat, biasanya dibutuhkan pronoun it atau sedikit modifikasi kata. Contoh di atas menjadi:

1. It is still unknown where she is now.
2. Do you know when they arrive?
3. Two Hollywood movies starred by Jennifer Love Hewitt are I know what you did last summer and I still know what you did last summer. Karena merupakan judul movies, noun clause what you did last summer tidak perlu diputar posisinya.

Note:

a) Clause yang diawali oleh question words tertentu (i.e. when, whenever, where) juga dapat berfungsi sebagai adverbial clause.

1. I was reading a book when the phone rang.
2. I went to where I and my ex girlfriend had been last weekend.
3. I suddenly get nausea whenever I see his face. (nausea = mual/mau muntah).

b). Clause yang diawali oleh question words tertentu (i.e. who, whom, whose + noun) juga dapat berfungsi sebagai adjective clause. Dalam hal ini, kata tanya tersebut sebenarnya adalah relative pronoun. Well, jangan terlalu dipusingkan dengan istilah. Yang penting anda mengerti pola/struktur kalimatnya. Tapi, jika anda penasaran, silakan baca topic adjective clauses.

1. I think you whom Mr. Dodi was looking for. (Saya kira kamu (orang) yang pak Dodi sedang cari-cari tadi).
2. Mr. Dodi, who is a teacher, was looking for you at school.
3. Rommy, whose book was stolen last week, just bought another new book yesterday.

2. Question words + ever/soever

Kecuali how, diakhir question words dapat ditambahkan ever atau soever menjadi whenever = whensoever, whatever= whatsoever, dan seterusnya. Arti ever atau soever di sini sama, yaitu saja/pun, tinggal dikombinasikan dengan kata tanya di depannya. Sedangkan, how+ever menjadi however (i.e. adverb atau juga disebut kata transisi yang berarti namun/walapun demikian) tidak termasuk dalam katagori ini.

1. We will accept whatever you want us to do. (Kami akan menerima/melakukan apa saja yang kamu ingin kami lakukan).
2. Whoever can melt her feeling is a very lucky guy. (melt = meluluhkan). Be careful: guy (dibaca gae)= laki-laki, sedangkan gay (dibaca gei) = fag = homo.
3. She has agreed to wherever the man would bring her. (Dia telah setuju kemanapun pria itu membawanya pergi). Note: in speaking (informal), preposition (dalam hal ini to, etc.) biasanya diletakkan di ujung kalimat. She has agreed wherever the man would bring her to.

3. Question words + nouns

Question words + nouns yang sering digunakan antara lain: what time (jam berapa), what day (hari apa), what time (jam berapa), what kind (jenis apa), what type (tipe apa), whose + nouns (i.e. whose car, whose book, ect.), dan seterusnya.

1. I can’t remember what day we will take the exam.
2. As long as I am faithful, she doesn’t care what type of family I come from. (faithful = setia).
3. Do you know what time it is?
4. I don’t know whose car is parked in front of my house.

4. Question words + adjectives

Question words + adjectives yang sering digunakan antara lain: how long (berapa panjang/lama), how far (berapa jauh), how old (berapa tua/umur), ect.

1. Man! She still looks young. Do you know how old she actually is?
2. I am lost. Could you tell me how far it is from here to the post office?
3. What a jerk. He didn’t even ask how long I had been waiting for him.

5. Question words + determiners.

Question words + determiners yang sering digunakan adalah: how many (berapa banyak) dan  how much (berapa banyak). Remember: how many diikuti oleh plural nouns, sedangkan how much diikuti oleh uncountable nouns.

1. Is there any correlation between how good he or she is in English and how many books he or she has?
2. How much your English skill will improve is determined by how hard you practice.

6. Question words + adverbs.

Question words + adverbs yang sering digunakan adalah: how often (berapa sering), how many times (berapa kali) ect.

1. No matter how often I practice, my English still sucks. (Tidak memandang berapa kali saya latihan, bahasa Inggris saya masih jelek). Suck (informal verb) = jelek/tidak baik; arti suck yang lain: mengisap.
2. I don’t want my parents to know how many times I have left school early. (leave school early = bolos).

7. Question words + infinitives.

Jika question words langsung diikuti oleh infinitives, invinitives tersebut mengandung makna should atau can/could. Perhatikan bahwa subject setelah question words dihilangkan.

1. She didn’t know what to do = She didn’t know what she should do. (Dia tidak tahu apa yang seharusnya dia lakukan).
2. Please tell me how to get the train station from here = Please tell me how I can get the train station from here.
3. We haven’t decided when to go to the beach = We haven’t decided when we should go to the beach.
4. Marry told us where to find her = Marry told us where we could find her.

b. Noun clauses diawali dengan whether/if

Whether bisa diikuti oleh OR/NOT bisa juga tidak; makna kalimat biasanya sama walaupun OR/NOT tidak disebutkan (ini tergantung konteks kalimat). Untuk penggunaan if, selain telah dibahas di topic conjunctions, juga telah dibahas di topic conditionals. Note: whether pelafalannya sama dengan weather (cuaca), tulisannya juga mirip. Be careful, jangan sampai tertukar.

1. I am not sure whether she is coming or not = I am not sure whether or not she is coming = I am not sure whether she is coming. (Saya tidak yakin apakah dia akan datang atau tidak).
2. We can’t decide whether we should go out or stay home. = We can’t decide whether to go or (to) stay home. Perhatikan, infinitives juga dapat digunakan setelah whether.
3. I am not sure whether I should take economics or law after I graduate from high school. (Saya tidak yakin apakah saya harus ngambil Ekonomi atau Hukum setelah lulus SMA nanti).
4. If you take economics, I will take economics. On the other hand, if you take law, I will take law too.

  

3.  Noun clauses diawali dengan that/the fact that

Di sini that berarti bahwa, sedangkan the fact that berarti fakta bahwa. Sedangkan, that dalam adjective clauses berarti yang.

1. That she has had a PhD degree at the age of 20 surprises a lot of people = It surprises a lot of people that she has had a PhD degree at the age of 20.
2. It is the fact that the world is round = the fact that the world is round is well known.
3. It was obvious that she was very sick = The fact that she was very sick was obvious.
4. It seems that it is going to rain soon.

 

Fungsi

Noun clause pada dasarnya adalah nominal sehingga dapat berfungsi sebagai subjek maupun objek.

1. Subjek kalimat (Subject of Sentence)
   What Megan wrote surprised her family.
2. Objek verba Transitif (Object of a transitive verb)
   He didn’t realize that the stove was off.
3. Objek Preposisi (Object of Preposition)
   Josephine is not responsible for what Alex decided to do.
4. Subjek Pelengkap (Subject Complement)
   Carlie’s problem was that she didn’t do the wash.
5. Pelengkap Kata Keterangan (Adjective Complement)
   The group is happy that Meg returned home.

Fungsi	Contoh Kalimat Noun Clause
Subject of a Verb	What she cooked was delicious. (Apa yang dia masak lezat.)
	That today is his birthday is not right. (Bahwa hari ini ulang tahunnya tidak benar.)
Subject Complement	The fact is that she is smart and dilligent. (Faktanya dia cerdas dan rajin.)
	A teacher must be whoever allows students to ask. (Seorang guru harus yang membiarkan siswa untuk bertanya.)
Object of a Verb	Diana believes that her life will be happier. (Diana percaya hidupnya akan lebih bahagia.)
	I want to know how Einstein thought. (Saya ingin tahu bagaimana Einstein berpikir.)
Object of a preposition	The girl comes from where many people there live in poverty. (Anak berasal dari tempat dimana orang-orang hidup dalam kemiskinan.)
	He will attend the party with whichever fits to his body. (Dia akan menghadiri pesta tsb dengan apapun yang cocok dibadannya.)
Adjective Complement	We were worried that she couldn’t recover from divorce. (Kita khawatir dia tidak dapat membaik dari perceraian.)